Conditions

Akathasia is defined as the inability to sit still. Learn more about history, symptoms, and treatment of akathasia here.

Ataxia causes loss of the coordination of muscle movements. These symptoms may be caused by degenerative disorders affecting the brain or spinal cord with resultant clumsiness, inaccuracy of movement, imbalance and tremor while performing voluntary...

Atheosis is defined as a contorted torsion or twisting of the body that prevents stable posture. Learn more about atheosis clinical studies, etiology, and therapies here.

In this Article Below are a number of frequently asked questions about brain aneurysms: What is a brain aneurysm? What are the symptoms or risk factors of a brain aneurysm? What are the symptoms of...

In this article Review some of the most commonly asked questions about brain arteriovenous malformation: What is an arteriovenous malformation? How common are brain AVMs? Why do brain AVMs occur? What are the symptoms or...

Commonly asked questions: What is a Brain Tumor? What causes Brain Tumors? What Are The Symptoms of a Cerebral Tumor? How is a Cerebral Tumor Diagnosed? What Are the Treatment Options? What is a brain...

Bursitis is an inflammation of a fluid filled sac called the bursa that decreases friction in joints such as the shoulder elbow knee and ankle. It is seen with overuse of the joint. It is...

In this article Review some of the most commonly asked questions about carotid artery stenosis: What is carotid artery stenosis? What are the causes of carotid artery stenosis? What are the risks of carotid artery...

Carpal tunnel syndrome refers to an irritation or inflammation of the Median nerve in the wrist. This nerve supplies the first three fingers in the hand and half of the ring finger. Patients complain of...

Cavernous malformations occur in 0.3-0.5% of the population and in 1/200 people between the ages of 30-50. Pathologically, a cavernoma contains vascular channels without the typical architecture of normal blood vessels. Headache, bleeding and seizures...

In this article Review some of the most commonly asked questions about Cervical Stenosis: What is Cervical Stenosis? What Causes Cervical Stenosis? What Are The Symptoms You Should Look Out For? What Are Treatment Options?...

In this article Review some of the most commonly asked questions about chiari malformation: What is chiari malformation? What are the different types of chiari malformation? What are the symptoms of chiari malformation? Chiari malformation...

Chorea is defined by rapid, writhing involuntary movements that may be caused by a variety of illnesses most notably Huntington’s Disease. This progressive, genetically transmitted neurodegenerative disease results from a deterioration of a specific population...

What is a colloid cyst? A colloid cyst is a benign tumor typically located in the center of the brain within the fluid filled ventricular system. The growth potential of these cysts is variable and...

What is a cubital tunnel? The cubital tunnel is the inner part of the elbow and carries the ulnar nerve. It is frequently called the funny bone. What is cubital tunnel syndrome? In cubital tunnel...

What is degenerative disc disease? Degenerative disc disease is a condition marked by the wearing down of your spinal discs. Spinal discs are fluid-filled cushions between your vertebrae, which are the small bones that make...

What is dystonia? Dystonia is characterized by abnormal posturing and muscle movement that may mimic the signs of Parkinson’s disease, Tourette’s syndrome, or Essential Tremor. These similarities often lead to a delay in diagnosis and...

Essential tremor is a slowly progressing neurological disorder that most commonly affects the arm and hand. It may progress to involve the head and neck and rarely the lower extremities. This condition alters the precision...

Difficulty with balance, unsteadiness, difficulty initiating gait, freezing of gait during walking, and spontaneous falls may be secondary to a variety of conditions. Learn more about the diagnosis of apraxia here.

What is Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia? Glossopharyngeal neuralgia syndrome results from the irritation of the 9th cranial or glossopharyngeal nerve resulting in pain of the upper throat and back of the tongue that is accentuated by eating...

Golfers elbow or medial epicondylitis is inflammation of the tendon that connects the inner forearm muscles to the inner elbow. It is usually seen in nongolf activities and can cause pain with grasp, squeezing and...

What is a Hemifacial Spasm? Hemifacial spasm syndrome results from vascular compression and distortion of the 7th cranial or facial nerve resulting in painless twitching of the muscles of the face (figure 1,2), or facial...

In this article Review some of the most commonly asked questions about a herniated disc: What is a herniated disc? What causes a herniated disc? What are the symptoms of a herniated disc? How is...

Arthritis of the hip is quite common and is usually due to mechanical wear and tear of the cartilage in the ball-and-socket joint. Pain can be in the buttock area the side of the hip...

What is Hydrocephalus? Within the brain are fluid filled cavities called ventricles. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is synthesized in the ventricles by the choroid plexus-frondlike structures which are attached to the ventricular wall. CSF circulates from...

Intra-Cerebral Hemorrhage is a general term that defines an accumulation of blood anywhere in the brain. ICH does not necessarily imply the cause of bleeding. Typically non-traumatic sources include vascular malformations, aneurysms, blood clotting disorders,...

Review some of the most commonly asked questions about Intracranial Hypotension: What is Intracranial Hypotension? What is the most common cause of Intracranial Hypotension? What are the symptoms of Intracranial Hypotension? How is Intracranial Hypotension...

Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH) is an accumulation of blood within the ventricular system that may occur spontaneously (from hypertension, blood thinners), from tumors or vascular malformations or as a result of a surgical intervention. IVH may...

Arthritis of the knee is usually due to mechanical wear and tear of the cartilage and the meniscus. One can experience pain, stiffness swelling, and even a “giving way” feeling. We call this instability. Stairs...

What causes low back pain? Low back pain is the second most common complaint seen in a doctor’s office after the common cold. We all will get a flare of low back pain at some...

In this article Review some of the most commonly asked questions about Meningioma: What is Meningioma? How does Meningioma Occur? What Are The Symptoms of Meningioma? How is Meningioma Diagnosed? How Are Cerebral (Brain) Aneurysms...

The meniscus is the cartilage shock absorber between the femur and the tibia. Problems with the meniscus can range from mild wear and tear to thinning of the cartilage to a tear from injury, usually...

Myoclonus is a term used to refer to twitching or intermittent spasms of a muscle or group of muscles. Classified into several different types and causes with Hemifacial Spasm representing the most common manifestation of...

What is Parkinson’s Disease? Parkinson’s Disease is a degenerative condition of the central nervous system that results in a slowing of movement, tremor, postural abnormalities, loss of facial expression, rigidity, impaired balance, and in some...

“Knee With Patella Right x-ray 0003 – no info” by akeg is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 What is kneecap pain or patella pain? Knee pain is frequently related to problems with the kneecap or...

What is the rotator cuff? The rotator cuff is a series of muscles in the shoulder that allows us to throw a ball, comb hair, reach behind us and hold a container and then pour....

The rotator cuff is a series of four muscles that rotate the shoulder allowing one to throw a ball, reach up, comb hair, brush teeth, scratch the back and take a container out of the...

In this article Review some of the most commonly asked questions about Schwannoma: What is Schwannoma? What are the Symptoms of Schwannoma? How is Schwannona Diagnosed? Does Schwannoma Require Surgery? What Does Schwannoma Surgery Recovery...

What is sciatica? This is a term that is used to describe pain and/or numbness that radiates from the back into the buttock area and frequently down the thigh and calf to the foot. It...

Spasticity is caused by an increase in muscular tone resulting in stiffness of the muscles and a restriction of movement. Patients may develop pain, permanent contraction of the muscles and alterations in posture. Often, quality...

Spinal fistulae or dural arteriovenous fistulous malformations (DAVFM) represent an aberrant connection between the arterial and venous systems. Fistulae most often develop in adulthood and may be associated with a history of trauma or surgery....

What is spinal stenosis? Stenosis is a Greek word that means narrowing. In spinal stenosis the spinal canal which is the conduit for the spinal cord and nerves is narrowed, frequently from arthritis or a...

What is Subarachnoid Hemorrhage? Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) is a collection of blood in the subarachnoid space, a fluid filled space between the brain and the skull. Most commonly, SAH occurs as a result of a...

Tardive Dyskinesia is abnormal involuntary movements resulting from prolonged exposure to medications used to treat symptoms of nausea or psychiatric diseases. The condition is characterized by repetitive, involuntary, and purposeless movements affecting the face, mouth,...

What Causes Tendinitis? Tendons are the attachment between muscle and bone. They are frequently under tension and as a result tendinitis, inflammation or small tears, can occur. Old injuries can cause discomfort for long periods...

Tennis elbow or lateral epicondylitis is inflammation of the tendon that connects the outside forearm muscles to the outer elbow. It is usually seen in non-tennis activities and can cause pain with grip, forearm rotation,...

In this article Review some of the most commonly asked questions about Trigeminal Neuralgia: What is Trigeminal Neuralgia? What Are The Symptoms? How does Trigeminal Neuralgia Occur? What Are Medical Treatment Options For Trigeminal Neuralgia?...

Trigger finger is locking of the finger in the bent or fist position. It is usually worst in the mornings and after the finger unlocks it improves a bit through the day. It is usually...

Bursitis of the hip is extremely common and there is inflammation of the soft tissues of the outside of the hip. Inflammation can be of the fluid-filled sac called the bursa or can be inflammation...

Vascular dissection is an injury to the wall of an artery that may result in either subarachnoid hemorrhage, formation of a blister-like pseudoaneurysm, or occlusion of the vessel (Figure 1,2). Partial or complete arterial occlusion may cause...

The term vasculitis refers to inflammation causing irritation of the arterial system resulting in narrowing or occlusion of blood vessels. Vasculitis patients present with headaches, alteration of consciousness (encephalopathy), symptoms of stroke or coma. CT...

Vasospasm is a condition whereby arterial diameter narrows with a resultant decrease in blood flow and in turn oxygen delivery (Figure 1,2). Muscular contraction of the arterial wall may be caused by surgical manipulation or...

What is Venous Sinus Thrombosis? The venous system is comprised of deep and superficial cortical veins that drain into larger channels called venous sinuses. These in turn drain into the jugular venous system of the...

The term whiplash refers to a strain of the neck or cervical muscles usually from a sudden acceleration or deceleration forward or backward. This is commonly seen in car accidents but can also be seen...

Wilson’s disease is a genetic disorder that results in the excessive accumulation of copper in the liver and brain leading to a spectrum of neuropsychiatric and movement disorders. Learn more about the history, diagnosis, and...