Venous Sinus Thrombosis

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What is Venous Sinus Thrombosis?

The venous system is composed of deep and superficial cortical veins that drain into larger channels called venous sinuses. These in turn drain into the jugular venous system of the neck. In certain circumstances, blood within these channels may coagulate i.e. thrombose and obstruct normal venous flow. Resultant congestion and cerebral swelling cause headache, seizures, ICH, stroke, and in some cases death.

Venous sinus thrombosis occurs in patients with blood disorders, in the dehydrated and is a complication of pregnancy. Treatment may include hydration, anti-seizure medications, blood thinners and in some cases endovascular lysis of the thrombus.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Venous Sinus Thrombosis

What is venous sinus thrombosis?

Venous sinus thrombosis is a blood clot in the venous sinuses, the channels that drain blood from the brain. When a clot blocks normal drainage, pressure can build up and may lead to brain swelling, seizures, bleeding in the brain, or stroke.

Who is at risk for venous sinus thrombosis?

Risk factors include blood-clotting disorders, pregnancy and the postpartum period, estrogen-containing medications, including some forms of hormonal contraception, dehydration, certain infections, cancer, autoimmune conditions, and other conditions that increase the tendency for blood to clot.

How is venous sinus thrombosis treated?

Treatment typically includes anticoagulation, or blood-thinning medication, to prevent the clot from growing and reduce the risk of additional clots. Other treatments may be used to manage complications such as seizures or increased pressure in the brain. In selected patients whose condition worsens despite medical treatment, endovascular treatment to remove or dissolve the clot may be considered.

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